Astronomy on stamps
I am really thrilled that my native Germany and the country that I'm living in, the USA, issued stamps last fall which depict astronomical images, thus combining my two favorite hobbies. The U.S. had issued lots of space stamps before, for the moon landing of course, about their space program in general and several sets of space fantasy. I don't like the latter ones because why fiction if the real science is even better!
At the Hubble web page people were invited to put in their support and the original proposal called for twenty stamps, as has been possible for lots of more trivial issues in the past years, such as "dolls" and "comic strips". So since the U.S. Postal Service issued only five Hubble stamps (better be happy, anyway!), I attached my favorites in the same format; but of course those aren't stamps. I wish. They will also issue a huge sheet on space exploration in July.
The images provide links to the respective postal administrations and to the Hubble images site.
The German stamps, "Für die Wohlfahrtspflege 1999: Kosmos"
Issued by Deutsche Post AG
Design: Benjamin Blase, Kassel
First Day, Bonn,
October 14, 1999
These stamps can be purchased at face value (but $20 shipping charge) through Unicover in Cheyenne, WY.
The
top stamp shows our closest galactic neighbor, the Andromeda galaxy.
The inset shows the same in the radio part of the spectrum.
If you purchase a starfinder (about $2-5), then go into
the country side on a dark moonless night, you can find the Andromeda galaxy
(also called a "nebula" or M31) relatively easy with the naked eye and/or
binoculars.
The next stamp depicts a historical, fanciful star map of the constellation
Cygnus, the Swan, from a 1782 atlas. The inset shows the same region
again in radio waves.
Cygnus' brightest star is one of three making up the summer triangle.
You can find Cygnus easily if you look for a big cross. On a dark
night you'll see the Milky Way running through it. And with binoculars
you are able to enjoy the myriad of stars in that part of the Milky Way
which is the most crowded place besides the the Milky Way part that you
find in Sagittarius.
The third stamp represents the Vela supernova remnant. Both the
large picture and the inset seem to show the Vela nebula in x-rays taken
by ESA's ROSAT satellite. The blue part depicts a super hot gas bubble
of several million degrees Kelvin.
Vela is a constellation in the southern hemisphere. The remnant
itself can be seen in large amateur telescopes (about 8 inch aperture)
with a low power eyepiece and an Oxygen III filter.
The fourth stamp portrays one of the most exciting and important astronomical
events of the 20th century. This infrared picture shows two impacts
of the fragmented comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 as these fragments plunged into
Jupiter's atmosphere over the course of a week in July 1994. The
inset is unique since it is a hologram which shows a fragment moving towards
Jupiter on the right and the impact on the left, when you tilt and move
the real stamp in front of you.
Jupiter is the brightest point source in the sky next to Venus.
Everybody has seen it - although without knowing it. You find its
current position on the back of your starfinder. Through binoculars
you can see its four large moons which look like "stars". Make sure
to hold your binoculars very steady, e.g. put your elbows on your car roof.
With a moderate aperture telescope on can also see the cloud bands.
The last stamp represents the entire sky in g-radiation
(g=gamma). On the bottom you see NASA's
Compton g-ray observatory which captured this
image. The inset is another hologram.
As mentioned before, the Milky Way stretches as a faint band from one
horizon to the other. Great for binoculars.
The United States stamps, "Space Achievement and Exploration"
Issued by the U.S. Postal Service
Design:
First
Day, July 2000
"These stamp designs will educate the world about the accomplishments,
wonder and excitement of the American space program. They display
the achievements of our space program, as well as the infinite possibilities
of future space endeavor: Escaping the Gravity of Earth, Landing on the
Moon, Exploring the Solar System and Probing the Vastness of Space.
The press sheet poster will contain four panes, plus a central stamp
panel. The lower right quadrant features a Priority Mail rate stamp representing
American technology solving the problems of escaping the gravitational
pull of Earth and learning how to send missions into Earth's orbit. The
upper left quadrant moves a notch farther into space, commemorating on
an Express Mail rate stamp the Apollo program that culminated in landing
American astronauts on the moon. The background image is from the Apollo
16 mission.
Moving farther from Earth, the lower left quadrant represents the exploration
of our solar system. These five $1 stamps will be the first pentagonal
stamps ever issued by the Postal Service. The upper right quadrant addresses
the exploration of deep space. These six stamps will be issued in international
rate denominations. The $11.75 stamp in the central panel will be the first
circular hologram stamp ever issued by the Postal Service. It features
a view of Earth from the Apollo 17 spacecraft and shows the continents
of Africa and Antarctica."
I will comment on these once I've seen larger images.
The United States stamps, "Space Achievement and Exploration"
Issued by the U.S. Postal Service
Design:
First
Day, April 10, 2000
From the U.S. Postal Service: Edwin
Powell Hubble
"This stamp pane pays tribute to the work and contributions of Edwin
Powell Hubble and the Hubble Space Telescope, which was named in his honor.
Hubble was an eminent American astronomer whose work furthered our understanding
of the universe. He was instrumental in the building of Palomar Observatory
in California and conducted research there when it was completed.
Born Nov. 20, 1889, in Marshfield, Mo., Hubble determined that galaxies
exist outside of and are receding from our own galaxy, the Milky Way. His
observations demonstrated that the universe is expanding. Hubble died Sept.
28, 1953, in San Marino, Calif.
The Hubble Space Telescope (HST), launched in April 1990, orbits the
Earth and sends images of astronomical objects back to scientists. The
HST can see farther into the universe than Earth-based observation tools
and provides astronomers with stunningly clear images.
The five stamp images - Eagle Nebula, Ring Nebula, Lagoon Nebula, Egg
Nebula and Galaxy NGC 1316 - were captured by the HST. The images are visual
representations of data taken by the HST that have been processed, and
in some cases colorized, for scientific purposes.
A 1949 black-and-white photograph of Hubble, posing with the 48-inch
Schmidt Telescope at Palomar Observatory, serves as the selvage image."
The first stamp, showing the Eagle
nebula, is a part of the original picture. Because of its extraordinary
beauty, the Eagle
nebula (also M16) in Aquarius became the flagship of Hubble images.
It is a stellar nursery. A few very hot violet stars are already
born while protostars of lower mass are still cocooned in "little fingers"
a few light-years wide.
You can see it with an 8 inch telescope.
The Ring nebula
or M57 in Lyra is the gently pushed off atmosphere of a formerly dying
red giant whose core is now a dead white dwarf.
The Ring nebula is my favorite object when using WNCC's 8 inch Schmidt-Cassegrain
with a high power eyepiece. It appears as a "smoke ring".
The Lagoon
nebula or M8 in Sagittarius is another stellar nursery.
It too is one of my favorite objects, also for binoculars, since it
is easy to find and looks quite pretty. It lies in a beautiful part
of the Milky Way.
The Egg nebula is like the Ring a planetary nebula with a white dwarf as its stellar remnant.
"A preliminary inspection indicates that [the galaxy] NGC 1316 is an enormous elliptical galaxy that started devouring a smaller spiral galaxy neighbor about 100 million years ago."
These are the Hubble images I would have chosen:
From upper left, clockwise: Saturn
in UV, showing its Southern Lights; the Butterfly,
another planetary nebula - my most favorite among my Hubble favorites;
a Gravitational
Lens, the light of a distant object, a quasar is deflected by the galaxy
group in the center, producing several arc images of that same quasar;
the Hourglass
nebula, again a planetary; the Eagle,
one of my cherished images, too; Eta
Carinae, a star with 100 solar masses, erupting irregularly; the heart
of the Orion nebula, the four stars are visible in an 8 inch with high
power, but the proplyds (protoplanetary disks) are Hubble's discovery;
the Cateye,
I bet it's no coincidence that planetary nebulae produce many of the prettiest
images; the Antennae,
two colliding galaxies in the process of merging, setting off "brilliant
bursts of star birth"; Centaurus
A, a near by galaxy showing star birth and a massive black hole at
its center; the Supernova
1987A remnant, the expanding shell of the brightest Supernova this
century.
You can vote on your three most favorite Hubble pictures on this survey.
* Two-hundred years ago Charles Messier, a French comet
hunter, collected a list of 110 fuzzy objects that look like comets but
are not. His legacy is this great list of M
objects comprising galaxies, planetary nebulae, globular and open clusters,
supernova remnants and a few normal star fields.
Space related stamps issued by these postal agencies.
United States:
Space Exploration: 1960 Echo I ; 62 Project
Mercury ; 64 Robert H. Goddard, Airmail
stamp ; 67 Accomplishments in Space,
2 stamps ; 69 Apollo 8 ; 69 Moon Landing,
Airmail stamp ; 71 Space Achievement Decade,
2 stamps ; 75 Apollo - Soyuz Docking,
2 stamps ; 78 Viking missions to Mars ; 81 Space
Achievement (explorations to the planets), block of 8
stamps ; 89 Moon Landing, 20th Anniversary ;
91 Space Exploration, block of 10 stamps ;
92 Space Adventures, block of 4 stamps ;
92 Theodore von Kármán ; 94 Moon Landing,
25th Anniversary, 2 stamps; 95 Space
Shuttle, Airmail stamp ; 96 Space Shuttle,
Airmail stamp ; 97 Mars Pathfinder, block ;
98 Space Shuttle, Airmail stamp ; 99
First
Satellite in Space ; 99 Moon Landing ; 99
Pioneer
at Jupiter ; 2000 Space Achievement and Exploration,
block
of 15 stamps ;
Space Fantasy: 1989 Future Mail Transportation,
block of 4 Airmail stamps ; 89-95 Future Space Station,
Envelope
with hologram stamp ; 91 Space Vehicle
; 93 Space
Fantasy, block of 5 stamps ; 98 Space
Discovery, block of 5 stamps ;
Astronomy: 1981 Space Achievement (explorations to
the planets), block of 8 stamps ; 85 Halley's
Comet, Aerogramme ; 2000 Hubble images,
block
of 5 stamps ;
Germany (includes West Germany):
Space Exploration: 1975 News Satellite ;
75 Space Shuttle ; 76 Radio Telescope ; 86 European
Satellite Technology ; 91 European Space Exploration,
2 stamps ; 99 Cosmos, set
of 5 stamps ;
Astronomy: 1973 Nicholas Copernicus ; 84
Friedrich
Wilhelm Bessel ; 86 Halley's Comet, GIOTTO mission
;
87 Joseph von Fraunhofer ; 93 Sir Isaac Newton
;
99 Cosmos, set of 5 stamps ;
East Germany:
Space Exploration: 1957 Sputnik ; 59 Rocket
Landing on the Moon ; 61 First Manned Space Flight ;
61 Visit by Cosmonaut Titow to the GDR, set of 6 stamps
;
62 Spaceships Wostok 3 & 4, block ;
62 Five Years of Soviet Space Exploration, block of
8 stamps ; 63 Spaceships Wostok 5 & 6, 2
stamps ; 63 Visit by Cosmonauts Valentina Tereschkowa and
Juri Gagarin to the GDR, 4 stamps ;
65 Woschod 2, 2 stamps ;
68 Space Achievements, 2 stamps ;
71 Ten Years of Manned Soviet Space Flights, block
of 8 stamps ; 71 Lunochod 1 ; 72 Weather
Satellite Meteor, block ; 73 Days of
Soviet Science ; 75 Sojus-Apollo Docking, set
of 3 stamps ; 78 Inter-CosmosPprogram, set
of 3 stamps and block ; 78 Joint Space Venture USSR-GDR;
78 Joint Space Venture USSR-GDR, set of 4 stamps and
block ; 86 Twenty Five Years of Manned Soviet Space Flights,
block of 4 stamps ; 88 Tenth Anniversary of Joint
Space Venture USSR-GDR, set of 3 stamps ;
88 Tenth Anniversary of Joint Space Venture USSR-GDR, set
of 3 stamps ; 89? Conference on Astronautics, set
of 4 stamps .
Astronomy: 1964 International Year of the Quiet Sun,
3
blocks ; 67 Two Meter Reflector ; 71 Johannes
Kepler ; 71 Zeiss Planetarium ; 72 Earth and
Sky Globes, set of 6 stamps ; 73 Nicholas
Copernicus ; 88
B. Brecht, Galileo at Telescope,
block.