Kenai Dena'ina Vowels
with Audio by Peter Kalifornsky

Symbol English Example Dena'ina Example
(with Audio)
English Translation
i beet ida friend
u boot ush snowshoe
e cut ena mommy
a father adada uncle (vocative)


Vowels are described by the position of the tongue in the mouth when the sound is made.
  • "Front" and "High" means the tongue is forward and momentarily held near the roof of the mouth making the "i" sound as in the English word beet."
  • "Back" and "High" means the tongue is pulled back and momentarily held near the roof of the mouth making the "u" sound as in the English word "boot."
  • Vowel sounds made with the tongue in the middle of the mouth are indicated by "e" as in the English word "set."
  • "Low" and "Mid" means the tongue is in the middle and low in the mouth as in the "a" sound in the English word "father."

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