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English: Whatever they wanted to be as they were growing to adulthood, they fasted and tried to become that. |
Mode/Aspect = Transitional (T) + Mode + Perfective (P)
Conjunction | Prefix Positions | Stem | Relative Suffix | |||
Outer Subject Pronoun | Mode/Aspect T+Mode+P |
Classifier | ||||
Morphemes | Yadi | ch'e | ghe + i | Ø | lat | a |
Morpheme Changes | ch'u e changes to u when a consonant + e (Ce) precedes a ghe mode; ghe deletes; i deletes to avoid double vowels |
'a | ||||
glottal stop inserted when a vowel follows a word | ||||||
English | What (whatever) | one Use of relative suffix 'a' changes "we" to "one" |
perfect |
be Mode: perfect inceptive Aspect: transitional |
changes outer subject pronoun ch'e from "we" to "one" |
Verb Theme | Complement Gender + Ø classifier + la (root) |
---|---|
Meaning | be (what the complement refers to), is exists, become (in transitional aspect) |
Theme Class | Descriptive |
Type |
theme calls for gender, but no gender in this verb
Stem Set: Root = la, Tag = be | ||||
Mode | ||||
Aspect | Imperfect | Perfect | Future | Optative |
Reversative | lah | lan | łah | lah |
Neuter | lan (le') | la | lał (lah) | |
Transitional | lah | lat | lah | lah |
Prefix Positions | Stem | Post- position |
Object of Postposition | |||||
Outer Subject Pronoun | Gender | Inceptive | Mode/Aspect T+Mode+P |
Classifier | ||||
Morphemes | qey | ne | te | ghe + i | Ø | zen | ghu | quht'ana |
Morpheme Changes | n | tu | ||||||
e deletes when it precedes a morpheme boundary | ghe preceded by consonant + e (Ce): ghe deletes, e changes to u; i deletes to avoid double vowels | |||||||
English | They | feelings, unusual mental states, judgements | perfect inceptive |
wanted, desired Mode: perfect inceptive Aspect: neuter |
becoming | person |
Verb Theme | (y) + n Gender + Ø classifier + zen (root) |
---|---|
Meaning | think of, want, desire complement, with transitional aspect, realize complement |
Theme Class | Descriptive |
Type |
Stem Set: Root = zen, Tag = think, want | ||||
Mode | ||||
Aspect | Imperfect | Perfect | Future | Optative |
Neuter | zen | zen | zen | zih |
Transitional | zit |
Prefix Positions | Stem | Conjunction | |||||
Outer Subject & Object Pronoun | Gender | Inceptive | Mode/Aspect T+Mode+P |
Classifier | |||
Morphemes | Qe | Ø | te | i + Ø | Ø | lah | ch'u |
Morpheme Changes | h | i deletes to avoid double vowels | |||||
qe changes to h and e deletes when preceding a consonant | |||||||
English | They | Person | inceptive | transitional imperfect inceptive |
be, tried to be Mode: imperfect inceptive Aspect: transitional |
and |
Verb Theme | Complement Gender + Ø classifier + la (root) |
---|---|
Meaning | be (what the complement refers to), is exists, become (in transitional aspect) |
Theme Class | Descriptive |
Type |
Stem Set: Root = la, Tag = be | ||||
Mode | ||||
Aspect | Imperfect | Perfect | Future | Optative |
Reversative | lah | lan | łah | lah |
Neuter | lan (le') | la' | lah | |
Transitional | lah | lat | lah | lah |
Prefix Positions | Stem | ||||
Object Pronoun | Outer Subject Pronoun | Mode/Aspect T+Mode+P |
Classifier | ||
Morphemes | hu | qe | i + Ø | ł | tsah |
Morpheme Changes | i deletes to avoid double vowels | l | |||
changes to l because of reflexive pronoun hu | |||||
English | himself/herself reflexive indirect object | they | perfect |
observed ritual (fast) Mode: perfect Aspect: transitional? (no data) |
Verb Theme | Object + ł classifier + tsa (root) |
---|---|
Meaning | observe ritual, taboo, restriction concerning the object, abstain from what the object refers to |
Theme Class | Descriptive |
Type |
Stem Set: Root = tsa, Tag = observe ritual | ||||
Mode | ||||
Aspect | Imperfect | Perfect | Future | Optative |
Customary | tsax | |||
Neuter | tsan | tsa' | tsał | tsa' |
Transitional | tsah? |
Object of Post- position |
Post- position |
Prefix Positions | Stem | ||||
Adverb | Outer Subject Pronoun | Mode/Aspect T+Mode+P |
Classifier | ||||
Morphemes | qey- | -ch' | t'e | qe | i + Ø | l | 'ih |
Morpheme Changes | t' | i deletes when preceded by a conjunct prefix | ł | ||||
e deletes when followed by a back velar | changes to ł to make stem causative | ||||||
English | them | toward | thus | they | imperfect |
acted, behaved to cause themselves to be Mode: imperfect Aspect: transitional |
Verb Theme | l classifier + 'an (root) |
---|---|
Meaning | act, behave, occur in manner of the complement (what the stem refers to) |
Theme Class | Optative |
Type |
Stem Set: Root = 'an, Tag = do; see | ||||
Mode | ||||
Aspect | Imperfect | Perfect | Future | Optative |
Continuative | 'en | 'an | 'en | 'en |
Durative | 'an | 'an | 'ił | 'an/'ih |
Durative (d classifier) | t'an | t'an | t'ił/t'ih | |
Momentaneous | 'ix | 'an | 'ił/'ix | |
Neuter | 'an | 'an | 'ił | 'an/'ih |
Reversative | 'ih | 'an | 'ih | 'ih |
Transitional | 'ih | 'it | 'ih | 'ih |
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