| Voiced |
The vocal cords in the voice box or larynx are tensed. |
| Voiceless |
The vocal cords are not tensed and there is an open passage of air as when whispering. |
| Glottalized |
The voice box or larynx is momentarily closed creating a slight "popping" sound as when saying uh uh or oh oh. |
| Stop |
The air passage is momentarily stopped and then released. |
| Fricative |
The tongue, or back of the throat is placed in such a position that the air passes by continuously. |
| Nasal |
The air is stopped and forced out the nasal cavity. |
| Glide |
The sound is shaped by a slight movement of the lips or tongue. |
| Bilabial |
The sound is made with both lips. (4) |
| Labio-Dental |
The sound is made with the bottom lip against the top teeth. (4,5) |
| Alveolar |
The sound is made with the flat front of the tongue against the alveolar ridge, the bony ridge just behind the teeth. (6) |
| Lateral |
The sound is made with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge in such a way that the sound can pass by on either side of the tongue. (6) |
| Alveo-Palatal |
The sound is made with the middle of the tongue against the area behind the alveolar ridge as it rises to the roof of the mouth or palate. (6,7) |
| Palatal |
The sound is made with the middle of the tongue against the roof of the mouth or palate. (7) |
| Velar |
The sound is made with the back of the tongue against the back of the roof of the mouth behind the palate, the velum. (8) |
| Glottal |
The sound is made in the area of the voicebox or larynx. (9) |
